常用翻译技巧大全

常用的翻译技巧有措辞、增词、省词、转换、拆句、合句、正译、反译、词序调整、重组和综合法等。

1.措辞：词义的确定须依据上下文语境做出正确的选择，译者须考虑词义的大小、轻重、抽象与具体、本意与喻义等情况。例如：

（1）因为互联网在全球的扩展，各种企业和组织能够在全世界范围内发布信息，开拓新的市场和商机。

Due to the global reach of the Internet, businesses and organizations are able to send messages worldwide, exploring new markets and opportunities.

2.增词与省词

（2）兹奉告，该商品可即期装运。

We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise.

3.词性转换、主动与被动转换

（3）在面对面的谈判中，要保持灵活性，尤其是那些关于付款条款、信用证、交货期和价格等方面的问题。

In face-to-face negotiation, the maintenance of flexibility of is important, especially when concerning issues like terms of payment, credit, delivery time, and of course, price.

（4）世贸组织被认为是多边贸易体制的代表，其核心是世贸组织的各项协定。这些协定是由世界上绝大多数国家和地区通过谈判达成并签署的，并经各成员立法机构的批准。

At the heart of the system—known as the multilateral trading system—are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and ratified in their parliaments.

（5）受本公司采购部委托特通知贵公司，我方至今尚未收到从贵公司订购的数码相机。

I am requested by the Purchasing Department of our company to inform you that digital cameras ordered from your company has not yet been delivered.

（6）因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。协商仍不能达成协议的，则应提交仲裁解决。

All disputes arising from the execution of，or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultation between both parties.In case no settlement can be reached，the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.

（7）中国政府执行稳健的货币政策和积极的财政政策，这保证了中国经济健康、稳定的发展。

Chinese government’s implementation of prudent monetary policy and proactive fiscal policy ensures the healthy and stable development of China’s economy.

4.拆句与合句

（8）根据贵公司3月5日来函要求，谨将我公司棉制品最新的价格表寄上。这是最低价格，我们相信它将获得贵公司的惠顾和大量订购。

As requested in your letter of the 5th March, we have the pleasure in handing you our latest price list of Cotton Goods with the lowest prices, which we trust will induce you to favor us with your valued orders.

（9）1997年2月15日，WTO 69个成员国达成电信服务协议，此协议于1998年2月15日生效。

On February 15th, 1997, agreement was reached on telecommunications services by 69 WTO members, which will come into force on the same day next year.

（10）技术的引进必须要因地制宜，这样才能避免不必要的浪费，将风险降到最低。

The import of technology must be adjusted to local conditions, which will help to avoid unnecessary waste and minimize the risk.

5.正话反说与反话正说

（11）公司联手、合并远远不能给顾客带来实惠，反而可能使这些公司对市场拥有不适当的影响力。

Far from benefiting consumers, alliances and mergers between firms may give them undue influence over the market.

（12）我们仍然面临发达国家在经济科技等方面占优势的压力，经济体制和其他管理体制还不完善。

We still feel pressure from developed countries, as they have the upper hand in terms of economy, science and technology.Our economic structure and managerial systems in other fields remain to be perfected.

6.词序调整：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。

（13）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.

（14）一旦卖方完成了交货的义务，货物的灭失或损失，以及与货物相关的费用的责任便从卖方转移到了买方。

The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as the obligation to bear the costs relating to the goods, passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled this obligation to deliver the goods.

7.重组：指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，

在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。

（15）跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界都采用的方法，即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成为可能。这是一种商业上可以接受的折中方式。

The documentary credit offers a unique and universally used method of achieving a commercially acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods.

（16）必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

Decision must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.

（17）由于美国对该货大量需求，很抱歉我们不能在收到贵方订单后2个月内装运。

Unfortunately we are not in a position to make delivery within 2 months from receipt of your order, owing to a heavy demand for the article from America.

8.综合：是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。例如：

（18）我们的产品原料优良，加工精细。如果订货超过200打，我们愿给您15%的特别折扣。

We have the products of the finest materials and the highest craftsmanship and shall be ready to grant you a 15% special discount for a quantity of more than 200 dozens.

（19）目前，我方对进口贵方产品很感兴趣。若能向我方函寄产品目录表、样品簿或者在可能的情况下惠寄样品，我方将不胜感激。

We are, at present, very much interested in importing your goods and would appreciate your sending us catalogues, sample books or even samples if possible.

（20）中国是世界上最早的文明古国之一，对人类文化的发展，曾做出了不可磨灭的贡献，但在过去一段很长时期内，由于受到自然地理条件等的限制，特别是语言的隔阂，因此在国外，除了有极少数的所谓“汉学”专家外，对于产生在中国，尤其是作为一种“时代精神的精华”的哲学，那就很难有正确的理解了。

Being one of the earliest civilized countries in the world, China has made indelible contribution to the cultural development of mankind.However, there could scarcely be fair understanding of things Chinese, particularly of her philosophy, “the intellectual quintessence of the time” in quite long a time due to the limitations such as geographic partition, and especially due to the language barriers, for foreigners except only a few so called“sinologists”.

翻译下列句子，注意汉英句型结构上的差异。

1.世界旅游组织的总部设在西班牙的马德里，它是附属于联合国、旨在促进和发展旅游业的政府组织。

2.许多经济学家和银行家一度坚持认为，只有对世界债务进行重大调整，降低利率，延长偿还期限，才能解决世界债务问题。

3.随着越来越多的私营企业家能够得到国有银行贷款，我国的私营企业将有可能创造更多的就业机会，以吸纳国企下岗职工。

4.经理们不得不为持续增长的、以高科技和服务为本的经济发现人才，对于他们来说，年轻工作者的态度是至关重要的。

5.中国地大物博，近年来经济发展迅猛，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一支越来越重要的力量。

全球化减缓

如今的贸易紧张加剧了自2008—2009年金融危机以来一直在发生的一种转变。正如我们所解释的，相对于世界GDP，跨境投资、贸易、银行贷款和供应链都在萎缩或停滞。全球化俨然已经让位给一个萧条的新时代。借用一位荷兰作家创造的术语，我们称之为“全球化减缓”。

过去十年，全球化从光速放缓至蜗牛速，是由以下几个原因导致的。运输货物的成本已停止下降。跨国公司发现，全球扩张烧钱，而当地竞争对手常常将其生吞。商业活动正转向服务领域，这些领域更难跨国销售。

预期关税将会提高，导致企业会耗尽库存，贸易因而受到影响，预计2019影响会更严重。但真正有影响力的是企业的长期投资计划，因为计划开始降低对那些地缘政治风险较高或面临不稳定规则的国家和行业的风险敞口。现在有迹象表明，调整正在启动。2018年，中国对欧洲和美国的投资下降了73%。同年，跨国公司跨国投资的全球价值下降了20%。

全球化让世界变得更美好，但不利于降低成本。在公众的眼中，一体化世界中被忽视的问题现在已经增长到很容易忘记全球秩序的好处的地步。然而，提供的解决方案并不是真正的解决方案。全球化放缓将比上一阶段更为艰难，也不那么稳定。这最终只会助长不满情绪。

Slowbalisation

Today’s trade tensions are compounding a shift that has been under way since the financial crisis in 2008-2009.As we explain, cross-border investment, trade, bank loans and supply chains have all been shrinking or stagnating relative to world GDP.Globalisation has given way to a new era of sluggishness.Adapting a term coined by a Dutch writer, we call it“slowbalisation”.

Globalisation has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace in the past decade for several reasons.The cost of moving goods has stopped falling.Multinational firms have found that global sprawl burns money and that local rivals often eat them alive.Activity is shifting towards services, which are harder to sell across borders.

Trade is suffering as firms use up the inventories they had stocked in anticipation of higher tariffs.Expect more of this in 2019.But what really matters is firms’ long-term investment plans, as they begin to lower their exposure to countries and industries that carry high geopolitical risk or face unstable rules.There are now signs that an adjustment is beginning.Chinese investment into Europe and America fell by 73% in 2018.The global value of cross-border investment by multinational companies sank by about 20% in 2018.

Globalisation made the world a better place for almost everyone.But too little was done to mitigate its costs.The integrated world’s neglected problems have now grown in the eyes of the public to the point where the benefits of the global order are easily forgotten.Yet the solution on offer is not really a fix at all.Slowbalisation will be meaner and less stable than its predecessor.In the end it will only feed the discontent.

汉译英热点词汇（一）

安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families(www.xing528.com)

按成本要素计算的国民经济总产值 GNP at factor cost

按揭贷款 mortgage loan

按劳分配 distribution according to one’s performance

把握大局 grasp the overall situation

白色农业 white agriculture (also called “white engineering agriculture”, referring to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture)

包干到户 work contracted to households

包工包料 contract for labor and materials

保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

保持国有股 keep the state-held shares

保税区 bonded area

保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas

保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings

比较经济学 comparative economics

边际报酬 marginal return

标书 bidding documents

博彩（业） lottery industry

补缺选举 by-election

布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System

不良贷款 non-performing loan

参政议政 participate in the management of state affairs

草根工业 grass root industry (referring to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass)

层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting

掺水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower than their face value)

产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management

产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing

产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries

产业结构升级 upgrading of industrial structures

出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports

出口加工区 export processing zones

出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods

出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports

创业园 high-tech business incubator

从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

促进全球经济一体化 foster integration of the global economy

存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

等外品 off-grade goods

第二产业 secondary industry

第三产业 tertiary industry

地方保护主义 regional protectionism

地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances

地区差异 regional disparity

电子商务认证 e-business certification

独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit (enterprise)

短期债务 floating debt

对冲基金 hedge fund

对外招商 attract foreign investment

恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation

二板市场（创业板市场） second board on the country’s stock market

二次创业 start a new undertaking

二元经济 dual economy

发展不平衡 disparate development

翻两番 quadruple

反不正当竞争法 Law Against Competition by Inappropriate Means

费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes

分流 reposition of redundant personnel

分期付款 installment payment

分税制 system of tax distribution

风险投资 venture capital; risk investment

封闭式基金 close-ended fund

浮动工资 floating wages; fluctuating wages

扶贫 poverty alleviation

高产优质 high yield and high quality

高度自治 high degree of autonomy

高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone

个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment

跟踪审计 follow-up auditing