广都楮皮纸的传说：韧性超麻纸，曾成第一张纸币专用纸

The legendary Chu Paper produced in Guangdu

自汉代蔡伦用渔网捣浆制纸开始，纸张便迅速替代了竹简、绢帛、皮卷，成为轻便广泛的书写材料。唐朝，成都是全国名副其实的造纸中心。朝廷将益州麻纸定为贡品，专门规定用这种纸来书写各种公文，以及抄写长安和洛阳两处宫廷收藏的典籍。

在成都各大造纸作坊中，广都冉村、龙溪颇为有名。广都纸有四大名纸，分别为假山南、假荣、清水和竹丝。其中清水主产在冉村，竹丝造于龙溪乡。广都造纸沿用蔡伦古法，取其精要，经隋唐五代已臻完善。但宋以前的广都楮皮纸较麻纸仍有些粗糙，一直是底层老百姓的用纸。宋朝战事吃紧，麻布主要用作士兵衣服，麻纸成本大增。广都的楮皮纸经过大量反复实验，此时已能媲美麻纸，不仅韧性更好而且不易受潮。广都楮皮纸一时盛极。

楮皮纸
The Chu Pape r

宣纸书法作品
callig raphy in the Chu Pape r

纸坊场景还原
The scena rio reduc tion of pape r w o rkshop

费著《笺纸谱》中记载，宋代凡是公私簿书、契劵、图籍、文牒等，都用楮纸书写，楮皮纸代替麻纸成了宋朝的官方用纸。“败楮遗墨人争宝，广都市上有余荣”便是对广都楮皮纸的赞誉。(www.xing528.com)

广都楮皮纸还与世界上的第一张纸币交子紧密相连。

宋代四川地区广泛使用铁币，但铁币重，流通极不方便。发达的商贸刺激下，纸币交子应运而生。朝廷在成都设立交子务，高质量的广都楮纸被指定为印制纸币的专用纸。凡用于印制纸币的楮纸，均由官方监制。原材料楮树皮由政府收购，抄纸工人也全都纳入政府编制。后来南宋发行的会子，朝廷也规定尽量用四川楮纸作为印币用纸。楮皮纸因为复杂的工艺，本身已经不容易仿制，加之纸张之上复杂的图案，官方交子几乎不可复制。

益州交子是成都历史上引以为傲的金融创造，双流楮纸也就此载入史册，在世界钱币历史上留下浓墨重彩的一笔。

现代仿制交子图样
M ode rn im ita tion of jiaozi m ou ld and pa tte rn

Cai Lun used the f ishing net to pound pulp and make paper in the Han Dynasty. From then on, paper quickly took the place of bamboo slip, silk cloth and animal hide, becom ing a w idely used light m ed ium for w riting. By the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu had emerged as a national papermaking center. During this period, Guangdu m ade paper using the ancient technique invented by Cai Lun, retaining the essence while improving the weaknesses. In the Song Dynasty, after repeated trials and errors, the Chu Paper produced in Guangdu, resilient and damp-proof, was well-received on the market and replaced hem p paper as official paper. According to the Guide to Writing Paper by Fei Zhu, all official and private books, deeds, vouchers, maps, atlases and documents were w ritten on Chu Paper. The Chu Paper produced in Guangdu was also used to print Jiaozi, the world’s f irst paper money. Due to its complicated workmanship, the paper was diff icult to im itate, which plus the complex patterns printed, made off icial jiaozi bills almost non-reproducible.