探寻蚕丛部落的古蜀重镇——瞿上城

The imperial city of Qushang founded by Can Cong

“蚕丛及鱼凫，开国何茫然。尔来四万八千岁，不与秦塞通人烟。”

"Since the twofounding fathers Can Cong and Yu Fu put the kingdom in order, have passed thousands upon thousands of years, blocked off by the Qinling Mountains on its border."

四千多年前，远古先民从遥远的高原而来，他们在成都平原上创建起浩瀚的古蜀文明，蚕丛是古蜀的第一位蜀王。《山海经》记载，“西、南黑水之间，有都广之野，后稷葬焉。其城方三百里”。传说此处为农神后稷的归葬之处，水源充沛，土壤肥沃，地势平坦，是蚕桑和渔猎的天堂。扬雄《蜀王本纪》记：“蜀王本治广都樊乡，徙居成都。”广都，即都广之野。蚕丛部落在广都瞿上建城，设立国都。在他的带领下，蜀地迎来了和平发展的新时代。此后数百年，数次迁都。从最初的瞿上到鱼凫时期的柳城，再到后来的郫邑直至成都。即使城市中心不断转移，瞿上依然是古蜀重镇。

瞿上在哪里？

成都文清古蜀农耕文化博物馆
The Chengdu W enq ing Anc ien t Shu Fa rm ing Cu ltu re Museum

教民务农劝人蚕桑浮雕
The re lie f scu lp tu re of in itia ting fa rm ing and se ricu ltu re

The said Can Cong is the f irst king of the ancient Shu. More than 4,000 years ago, early ancestors m igrated from faraway plateaus to Chengdu Plain where they created the great ancient Shu culture. During the subsequent centuries, the ancient Shu relocated its capital several times from the original Qushang to Liucheng during the reign of Yu Fu, then Piyi, and f inally Chengdu. Even if the capital kept changing, Qushang remained a place of strategic importance for the ancient Shu. (www.xing528.com)

W here is Qushang exactly?

南宋文学家罗泌在他的神话历史集《路史》中记，“蜀山氏，其始祖蚕丛，纵目，王瞿上”，并且说“今双流县南十八里有瞿上城，益之西南二十里。县北有瞿上乡”，第一次明确了“瞿上”是一个“城”。2009年6月，四川大学历史文化学院考古系、成都文物考古研究所和双流县文管所组成“瞿上城”考古调查与研究课题组，对双流牧马山九倒拐地区进行了全面的考古调查和勘探。数月内，考古专家们运用全覆盖式调查法，先后在双流区胜利镇、黄水镇以及新津县花园镇发现了三处商周时期的遗址，这也是双流境内首次发现先秦时期的遗址。商周遗址处于牧马山山前地带，沿河流台地分布，表明那时的古人已进入定居的农耕时代。瞿上城的传说终于不再仅停留于纸面，而变得触手可及。

站在牧马山九倒拐古蜀农耕文化的发祥地，看四面青山草木葱茏，百里云天风烟俱净。数千年时光演绎无数变迁，从某种意义上来说，成都城市的历史画卷从这里展开。

According to the Grand History, an unofficial, mythical history w ritten by Luo M i, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, “The city of Qushang is about eighteen li south of today’s Shuangliu County and twenty li southwest of Yizhou. Qushang township lies in the northern part of the county.” This literature identif ied Qushang as a city for the f irst time. In June 2009, the City of Qushang A rchaeological Survey and Research Team was set up to conduct a thorough archaeological survey and reconnaissance in Jiudaoguai of Muma Mountain, Shuangliu County. The team members came from the Department of A rchaeology, School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and A rchaeology and Shuangliu County Cultural Relics Protection and Management Off ice. The team found three pre-Qin sites. The City of Qushang was eventually no longer a mere legend on paper.

棠湖公园瞿上堂
The Tanghu Pa rk Qushang Ha ll

双流田野
The fie ld of Shuang liu