对物业、厂房及设备的关注,还需注意一点——折旧。锦江的自营酒店,就相当于一个重资产模式的企业(相对应的,加盟、第三方管理,属于轻资产模式)。对于重资产企业的模式,若是懂得一点折旧,稍微改变一下折旧计提政策,往往就可以挤出上亿的利润。
本案,锦江的物业、厂房和设备(在建工程除外)按历史成本扣除累计折旧和累计减值损失后列账。历史成本包括收购该等项目直接产生的开支。此外,土地不折旧。折旧采用直线法把成本分摊至残值。
锦江的各项固定资产折旧如下,其中建筑物折旧年限为20-50年。
我们再来看看2016年锦江与同行几家企业的情况:
首旅
首旅的房屋建筑物折旧年限为40年。
华住
华住的建筑物折旧年限为20-40年。
We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally three to 40 years), and we amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the asset life or lease term.(www.xing528.com)
万豪的建筑物折旧年限为3-40年。
Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which are generally as follows: buildings and improvements (8 to 40 years),furniture and equipment (3 to 8 years) and computer equipment (3 to 5 years).Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life,based on the estimates above,or the lease term.
希尔顿的建筑物折旧年限为8-40年。
洲际
Land is not depreciated.All other property, plant and equipment are depreciated to a residual value over their estimated useful lives, namely: Building-- lesser of 50 years and unexpired term of lease; and Fixtures, fittings and equipment -- three to 25 years.All depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis.Residual value is re-assessed annually.
洲际的建筑物折旧年限取50年或租赁期限的较小者。
对比下来,几家巨头中,万豪的建筑物折旧年限相对谨慎。
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