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英语中冠词的使用及增减名词的技巧

时间:2023-05-23 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:有冠词是英语的特点之一,单数可数名词前一般都有冠词,汉译英时要根据具体情况增补冠词。

英语中冠词的使用及增减名词的技巧

热身练习

1.重义轻利。

2.济公劫富济贫。

3.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

4.如蒙尽快回复,不胜感激。

5.曾几何时,进入事业单位编制的人通常就算有了“铁饭碗”。

6.我在商业上的成功是他成全的,对此我过去很感激,现在还是很感激。

7.“保护为主,抢救第一;合理利用,加强管理。”(文物保护方针)

8.保证人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。

9.有了房子,就想车子,老百姓想法和银行不谋而合。银行在巩固了自己的住房贷款之后,又将目光瞄上了汽车市场。

10.此前,银行界人士纷纷预测,外资非金融机构进入车贷市场后,很有可能会在手续简便和贷款利率上做文章,以吸引购车族。

内容讲解

增词法

正如美国作家、翻译家泰勒(Bayard Taylor)所说,“There is no mathematics without plus or minus,which holds good for translation.”。在翻译过程中,所谓“增词”(Amplification),就是在译文里按照句法上的需要和意义(或修辞)上的需要增补必要的词,使译文的句法结构完整、地道,同时保证译文的意思明白无误。由于汉英两种语言存在着不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,因此增译在商务翻译中也普遍存在。比如,汉语文本中经常可以看到没有主语的句子,在翻译时便需要进行增补,以使句义完整,也使英语的形合完善;汉语往往通过上下文和语义来表示字与字、短语与短语及句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,而英语的这种关系一般要使用连词来表现,所以在汉译英时常常需要增补连词以保证连贯性。

一般而言,增词可分为两种情况:一种是出于句法上的考虑,即把原文中省略的句子成分补充进去,使译文的句子意思完整;另一种是出于语义上的需要,即把原文句子里“隐含”的或上下文意思清楚但却没有写出来的内容在译文里补进去,以使译文清楚地表达原文的意思;当然,不能无中生有地随意增添,而是增加原文中表面无而实际有的一些意思。

一、结构性增词:确保句法完整

由于汉语注重意合,而英语注重形合,汉译英时通常需要增加结构词,如代词、名词、连词、介词冠词等,以确保句法完整。

1.增加连词

汉语重意合,词、词组和句子之间的关系往往通过上下文或一定的语序来表示,较少用连词或关系代词;英语重形合,通常需要用连词关系代词来表明句中各部分之间或句与句之间的逻辑关系,因此汉译英时增补连词的情况很多。例如:

例1:你在收据上签字,我就付款。

译文:On condition that you sign this receipt,I will pay.

例2:经济发展与资源、环境的矛盾日益突出。

译文:The disparity between economic development on the one hand and national resources and the environment on the other hand is becoming increasingly outstanding.

如果译为“The disparity between economic development and natural resources and the environment is becoming increasingly outstanding.”则层次十分模糊:究竟是economic development 与 natural resources and the environment 之间的矛盾,还是 economic development and natural resources 与the environment 之间的矛盾?通过添加标示性的连接词,意思变得一目了然。

2.增加冠词

汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一,单数可数名词前一般都有冠词(例如表示特指、类别、与天文地理等有关的名词前等等),汉译英时要根据具体情况增补冠词。

例3:我们对问题要做全面的分析,才能妥当解决。

译文:We must make a comprehensive analysis of the problem before it can be properly solved.

例4:我公司建有自主品牌汽车基地、汽车研究开发园和先进装备制造产业园。

译文:We have set up an innovative auto production base,an auto research and development center and an industrial park producing advanced equipment.

原文中的“基地”“开发园”和“产业园”,虽然没有用“一个”来修饰,但是读者都会约定俗成地认为是单数,因此需要增添冠词。

3.增加介词

汉语中介词的使用远不如英语中的介词那样活跃,汉语中不需要介词的地方,在英语中往往却要增加介词。例如:

例5:该地区已没什么城乡差别。

译文:There have been little differences between town and country in this region.

例6:开发区应(按照上海市经济发展战略和城市总体规划的要求)以吸收外资发展新兴技术和新兴产业,举办先进技术企业和产品出口企业为主,根据需要也可兴建国际贸易国际金融、外事活动场所和举办旅游、提供寓所等服务性项目。

原译:Development zones shall be devoted mainly to absorbing foreign capital for developing new technology and new industries and establishing technologically advanced and export-oriented enterprises as required by the economic development strategy and overall city planning of Shanghai Municipality.Buildings for international trade,international finance and foreign affairs activities may also be erected,and service projects for tourism and residence houses may also be undertaken in these zones in accordance with requirements.

解析:在原中文中,“吸收外资”处于较高层次,以便达到两个目的,即“发展新兴……”和“举办先进……”;而后两者则处于较低层次。但原译将三者都译成-ing 形式,难以区分层次。有些读者可能会误以为establishing 与absorbing 并列。不妨采用“增加标示性介词”的方式进行连接,即在launching 前增添标示性的介词for 表目的。这样就解决了结构模糊的问题,便于读者一目了然地看出for launching 与前面的for developing并列,共同从属于utilizing。

改译:The development zones shall,pursuant to the strategy for Shanghai's economic development and the requirements prescribed in the city's overall planning,focus on utilizing foreign investment for developing newly-emerged technologies and industries as well as for launching technologically advanced and export-oriented enterprises.They may also build,where the context permits,premises for conducting international trade,finance and other activities in connection with foreign affairs as well as render such services as conducting tourism and providing residences.

4.增加代词

汉语中有许多没有主语的句子,在译成英语时一般需要新增主语;另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词,需要增补,用作定语或宾语。

例7:大规模开展职业技能培训,注重解决结构性就业矛盾,鼓励创业带动就业。

译文:We will launch vocational skills training programs on a big scale,give particular attention to tackling structural unemployment,and create more jobs by encouraging business startups.(添加代词作主语;同时省略了“矛盾”一词。)

例8:鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。出口产品可由合营企业直接或与其有关的委托机构向国外市场出售,也可通过中国的外资机构出售。

原译:An equity joint venture is encouraged to market its products outside China.Exports may be distributed to foreign markets through the joint venture directly or through associated agencies,and they may also be distributed through China's foreign trade agencies.

改译:An equity joint venture is encouraged to market its products outside China,either directly or indirectly—through its related agencies or China's foreign trade agencies.

(中文往往省略代词,而英文的每个名词前都需要有代词或冠词,所以汉译英时一定不要忘记名词前代词的存在。本句译文中两处补充its,实属必要。)

例9:中国是世界上最大的能源消耗国,消耗的百分之七十的能源是煤。

译文:China is the largest energy-consuming country in the world,with coal accounting for 70 percent of its energy mix.[1]

例10:我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。

译文:We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice.

5.增加数量词

和中文不同,英文中名词有单数和复数之分;英文单数名词前的量词常常会省略,因此在英译汉时往往要添加数量词。但汉译英有时也需要添加数词,能起到概括或提高辨识度的效果。比如:

例11:要加速实现两岸直接通邮、通航、通商。

译文:We should speed up the establishment of three direct links of Cross-Strait mail,trade,and air and shipping service.

如果把“直接通邮、通航、通商”译为direct links of postal,air and shipping services and trade,固然照顾了“通航”包括“航空与航海”的内涵,但air and shipping services 使用了两个结构层次上并不并列的and,让读者不容易看清全句的三个互通关系;而通过增添three 一词,指引读者有意识地寻找三个项目,从而能更轻松地读懂这三个并列的互通项目。

二、语义性增词:确保意义明确

有时为了保证译文意义的完整、明确,或确保意义的层次清楚,也需增词。

1.增加原文中隐含的词语

在汉语的习惯用法中,有些句子明显缺少某些成分,但意义却非常清楚,不会造成误解,但如果按字面翻译成英语,就很有可能词不达意,引起误解。为了使译文能够准确表达原文的意义,有必要把原文中隐含的意思明确化,例如:“北京市出租汽车专用发票”在翻译成英文时要添加上Service,即Special Receipt for Beijing Taxi Service。再比如:

例12:对外商投资企业的银行信贷没有改变。

译文:No change has been effected of the bank's credit policy against the foreign-funded enterprises.

上例中,“银行信贷”隐含有“政策”的意思,即“银行信贷政策没有改变”,这样才是完成的表达,所以翻译时要加上这个潜台词,即the bank's credit policy。

例13:老同志应该支持中青年干部的工作,担负起传、帮、带的任务。

译文:Veteran cadres should support the young and middle-aged ones in their work and take upon the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them.

例14:中国越发展,越能给亚洲和世界带来发展机遇。

译文:A more developed China will render more development opportunities for the rest of Asia and the world.

2.增加背景性的词语

中文里的有些说法对熟悉汉语或具有相关背景的读者来说意义明确,但翻译成英文后,英文读者未必了解相关的信息,因此为了增加意义的明确性,便于译入语读者理解和接受,有必要进行增词。

例15:我们加大“三农”工作力度,及时做出部署,保护粮食主产区和广大农民的种粮积极性。

译文:We expanded support for agriculture,rural areas and rural people and made plans in a timely fashion to ensure the continued enthusiasm of major grain producing areas and grain producers.

例16:我国先秦思想家

译文:our Chinese thinkers in Pre-Qin days about 2,000 years ago

例17:这次十八届四中全会开得好。

译文:The recent Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was a success.

例18:中国古代的四大发明曾经大大推动了古代世界的文化发展。

译文:The four Great Inventions in ancient China,namely,paper,printing,the compass and gunpowder,greatly advanced ancient civilization of the world.

例19:有资料显示,苏州“稻香村”始创于清乾隆38年(1773年)。

译文:The “Daoxiangcun”,a brand food company based in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,was established in the 38th year (1773) of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).[2]

3.增加概括性的词语

汉语里有时不用表明事物范畴的概括性的词语,即那些用来表示行为、现象、事实、属性等概念所属范畴的词语,而翻译成英语时却往往需要增加进去,使意思更加清楚。

例20:乡镇企业同样存在腐败,主要表现为税务欺诈和无证经营。

译文:Corrupt practices exist widely within township enterprises as well,mostly in the form of tax fraud and unregistered business activities.

例21:也许您忘记了7月份的购货账还没有结算。(www.xing528.com)

译文:Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has yet to be settled.

例22:要提倡顾全大局。

译文:We should strengthen the consciousness of taking the whole situation into consideration.

例23:在这里,跻身“中产”的途径可以是拥有高学历获得高年薪;可以是持有科技专利成果,享受智力分红;可以是自主创业,让资本增值;也可以是在资本市场上运作,时有所得。

译文:The way leading up to the middle class here is diverse.He may be a high salary earner with advanced degrees,he may enjoy the fruition of his scientific research,he may be a boss of his own,making the capital generate new value,or he may be a success story in the stock market.

减词法

减词法,指的是出于译文语法和习惯表达法的需要,在翻译过程中删除原文中出现但译文不需要的单词/词组等。这种译法并不等于可以随意省略原文中的词句,必须遵循以下原则:一,所省略的词在译文中看来是可有可无或是多余的;二,其意思已经包含于上下文中;三,其含义在译文中是不言而喻的。在汉译英实践中,可以从以下几个方面进行减词。

1.删减范畴词

汉语中广泛存在着范畴词,如工作、问题、现象、情绪等。这些词在译成英文的时候应该予以省略,否则译文会带上中式英语的味道。比如,在“招商引资工作”中,“工作”这一范畴词不需要翻译,译为investment promotion 即可;“提供信贷、结算、风险管理和财务咨询业务服务”中的“业务”一词也不必译出,译为provide services of credit,settlement,risk management and financial consultation 就足够了。

再比如:“超载现象”应该是overload;“环境保护问题”是environmental protection;“年度金融工作报告”是annual financial report;“员工怠工情绪”是demotivation of the staff;“违反交通规则的现象”是violations of traffic rules;“在展会期间”是during the expo(不加period)。请看下例:

例24:多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。

译文:For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country.

例25:环保事业加快发展。

译文:The development of environmental protection sped up.

汉语中有些词有时含有具体含义,有时没有。譬如,“做调查工作和研究工作”,实际上就是“做调查和研究”,其中“工作”没有具体含义,只是表示一种范畴,因此可以略去不译。汉语中经常使用这类范畴词,如“问题”“制度”“任务”“情况”“状态”“局面”等等,翻译时通常省略,例如:

例26:公司的目标是开发新产品,以改变公司几乎完全依赖互联网搜索广告销售的局面。

译文:The company's goal was to develop new products that would reduce its nearly total reliance on selling ads connected to the Internet searches.

例27:她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。

译文:After her friends heard about her family difficulties,they offered her a helping hand.

2.删除重复性的词语

在汉语中,词语重复出现较为普遍,在英译时如果全部照译,会显得太累赘。有时可将重复的词语抽取出来合译成为一个英语词汇或短语。这种方法有些类似数学中的“提取公因式”。提取公因式不仅适用于外形完全相同的词语,而且可用于外形不同而在语义上相同或相近的词语,例如:

例28:发展新兴产业和高技术产业……把开发新技术、新产品、新产业同开拓市场结合起来,把发展技术密集型产业和劳动密集型产业结合起来。

译文:We should develop fledgling and high-tech industries…combine the efforts to develop new technologies,products and industries with the efforts to open up markets and integrate the development of technology-intensive with labor-intensive industries.

例29:该产品以其轻薄、柔软、光滑、高贵的特性优于其他产品在国内市场销售。

译文:The product is superior to others on the domestic market with its own characteristics of thinness,tenderness,sickness and nobleness.

例29 的翻译采用了减词法,将“销售”省去不译,因为根据本句的上下文,可以断定由产品到商品的过程本身就是一个在市场销售的过程,因而在翻译时没有必要再提及,事实上在on the domestic market 里就已经包含了销售的意义。减词译法不仅体现在这一处,在翻译“轻薄、柔软、光滑、高贵”这几个词语时同样采用了相同的手法。从汉语来看,它们都是一对同类对应的关系,轻与薄(thinness)、柔与软(tenderness)、光与滑(slickness)、高(雅)与(富)贵(nobleness),按理应该都翻译出来才对,但由于它们是一个事物的两个方面,是属于同一范畴的,故省略其中一个不译。

3.删除概括性的词语

汉语习惯在一系列名词或名词词组罗列之后,用概括词加以总结,如“等”“等等”“双方”“各方面”等,翻译时这些概括词可以省略,例如:

例30:我国电信业在发展、开放市场、引入竞争等方面取得的成就,为世界各国广泛关注。

译文:China's telecom industry caught attention of the world by its achievements in development,opening up and introducing competition.

例31:相对来说,竞争激烈的市场运作效果不错,因为买卖双方在有异议的情况下,可以寻找其他贸易伙伴。

译文:Competitive markets work relatively well because buyers and sellers can turn to other trading partners in case of dissent.

4.删除修饰性词语

汉语中的对偶词组,往往前后两个并列使用,在含义上重复,在修辞上形成对称美。而英语一般没有这种形式,所以在翻译时只需要译出其中一个,比如:贪官污吏(corrupt officials)、土崩瓦解(fall apart,or disintegration)、远见卓识(far-sightedness)、深思熟虑(careful consideration)、添砖加瓦(make a little contribution)、街谈巷议(street gossip)、笨手笨脚(be all thumbs)、取之不尽用之不竭(inexhaustible)等。另外,汉语在描写景物时,也往往连续使用四字格以使句式工整,增强气势或渲染气氛,翻译时也不必把每个四字格词语都译出来,相同意义的词组可以省略。

例32:反对铺张浪费,制止挥霍奢侈之风。

译文:We should oppose and put a stop to the unhealthy tendency of being extravagant or wasteful.

例33:但我的事现在搞得满城风雨,人人皆知。

译文:But there had been too much publicity about my case.

例34:我们应该求同存异、聚同化异,共同构建合作共赢的新型国际关系

译文:We need to seek common ground while shelving and narrowing differences to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation.

实战演练

一、翻译下列句子,注意必要的增删。

1.地方要优化整合扶贫资源,实行精准扶贫,确保扶贫到村到户。

2.中央政府呼吁,要对“两高”项目采取更严厉的限制措施。

3.10月份,全国70 个大中城市新建商品住房销售价格同比上涨6.4%,涨幅比上月提高0.1 个百分点;高档住房销售价格同比上涨7.7%,涨幅比上月提高0.7 个百分点。

4.牢固树立竞争意识,大胆走向市场,不靠保护,不要特权,不怕竞争,参与竞争。

5.这一增长是在加快调整经济结构进程中实现的,是实实在在、真金白银的增长。

6.他想要承担最大的责任,获得最多的报酬,不在乎风险大小。

7.该计划的目的在于:使任何需要就医的人都能得到医治,不管他有多穷;确保每一个失业者每个星期都能领到一份救济金;并为那些到了退休年龄的人提供数额不大的退休金

8.判断我们各方面工作的是非得失,归根到底,要以是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力,是否有利于增强我国的综合国力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。

9.我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效,着力打通“最后一公里”,坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

10.我们要继续坚定不移地坚持以经济建设为中心,继续坚定不移地推进改革开放,继续坚定不移地保持社会稳定,继续坚定不移地贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。

11.特区政府拥有较大的经济管理权限。

12.黄金白银、坚甲利兵,并非构成大国的要素。

13.这些新能源车速度快、效率高、操纵灵活。

14.幸福是奋斗出来的,只有通过奋斗才能让我们找到幸福感,只有通过奋斗才能提升我们对幸福的感知力。

二、翻译下列段落。

1.着力提升我国经济技术创新力,是经济全球化不断深化和国际市场竞争日趋激烈的必然要求,也是全球气候变暖人类生存和发展带来一系列新的巨大挑战的迫切要求。在这种情况下,如何走出一条低碳经济发展道路,如何在顺利实现新的绿色革命的同时实现国民财富的大幅度增加和国民生活质量与福祉的大幅度改善,就成了一件具有重要划时代意义的大事。而要实现上述目标,大幅度提升我国经济技术创新力尤其是自主创新能力,必然成为我国大国战略的一个核心内容和重要支点

2.建设生态文明,关系人民福祉,关乎民族未来。中国共产党和中国政府一贯高度重视生态文明建设。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央,视建设生态文明为中华民族永续发展的根本大计,将生态文明与经济、政治、文化与社会建设一起纳入中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局。中国大力树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,像对待生命一样对待生态环境,坚持走文明发展之路,努力建设美丽中国。

延伸阅读

Climate Change:A Race We Must Win[3]

气候变化:一场我们必须打赢的比赛

We face a new era of climate crisis.July 2019 is the hottest month on record,and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history.The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever,with droughts,hurricanes,heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet,bringing high tolls and casualties,causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals,particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies.The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.

我们面临着气候危机的新时代。2019年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月,2015年至2019年有望成为人类历史上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候变化有关的自然灾害比以往任何时候都更加频繁,干旱、飓风、热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡,给许多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失,尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严重。联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示,该地区自然灾害造成的经济损失高达每年6 750 亿美元,影响近1.5 亿人。

The clock is ticking.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees.This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.Such goals might seem too ambitious,but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples,including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.

时间一分一秒地过去。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的报告表明,我们需要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5℃。这意味着我们必须在2030年前减少45%的排放量,并在2050年前实现碳中和。这些目标似乎过于雄心勃勃,但考虑到气候变化对所有国家和人民所产生的深远影响,全球变暖日益严重所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲,我们绝不能将气候变化孤立开来,不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响。

Faced with this reality,it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes.This is the premise of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade.How can we as the global community work together as one?

面对气候变化的现实,我们需要清醒地认识到,人类的发展只有在自然界繁荣的情况下才能蓬勃发展。这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提,展望未来十年,这些目标变得更加紧迫。我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力?

To boost ambition,reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change,the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly.The Summit will bring together governments,the private sector,civil society,local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas:a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a “net zero”economy.The message is clear:we need concrete,realistic plans to enhance countries'nationally determined contributions by 2020,in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade,and to achieve “net zero” emissions by 2050.

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持2019年气候行动峰会,以提振雄心,增强政治意愿,鼓励落实《巴黎气候变化协定》的具体行动。首脑会议将汇集各国政府、私营部门、民间社会、地方当局和其他国际组织,在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决办法:全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的恢复力和适应能力;公共和私人金融向“净零”经济看齐。峰会要传递的信息很明确:我们需要具体、现实的计划,到2020年提高各国的自主贡献,在未来10年将温室气体排放量减少45%,到2050年实现“净零”排放。

As the second largest economy in the world,China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals.The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy,with more than US$125 billion dollars' investment in renewable energy in 2017.New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries.Under the 13th Five-Year Plan,China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target,to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent.The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses,with an estimation of 18% of China's total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance.This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets.The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.

作为世界第二大经济体,中国在履行《巴黎协定》方面发挥了重要作用,中国的领导和承诺对实现《巴黎协定》的目标至关重要。中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展,2017年可再生能源投资超过1 250 亿美元。目前,中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和天然气行业。在十三五计划实施期间,中国已经超额完成目标的3%,降低能源强度15%。中国还是全球率先使用电动公交车的国家,根据彭博新能源财经研究估计,18%中国公交车汽车实现电气化。这表明,与之前的五年计划目标相比,非化石燃料的重要性显著提高。中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候变化不可兼得提供了一个主要的反例。

As the global challenge that does not respect national borders,climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level,with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities,and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy.In the meantime,as the world's most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters,China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.

全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制,气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案,要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任,发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一,中国可以在应对全球气候变化方面发挥更重要的作用,最大限度地发挥其巨大的减排潜力,进一步加快进度。

The UN is committed to working with the government of China,the private sector,NGOs,youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China,to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders,as well as China's growing support to other developing countries.Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative,UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals.South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions—bringing China's successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs.Considering the scale of China's commitments,the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled.Therefore,the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability,of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China's global development initiatives and investments.

联合国致力于与中国政府、私营部门、非政府组织、青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道,支持中国减少气候变化的努力,提高认识,培养下一代气候领导人,并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度。在各项倡议的支持下,例如一带一路倡议,联合国和中国可以紧密合作,充分利用基础设施投资,促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡,确保项目符合可持续发展目标。南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的交流,将中国的成功经验推广到发展中国家,并根据当地的实际情况和需求,因地制宜地调整方法论。考虑到中国承诺的规模,这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的。因此,联合国愿继续与中国保持伙伴关系,确保将环境可持续性、减缓气候变化和提高适应能力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位。

Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change—as this is a race that we can and must win.

如果将气候行动比作一场比赛,那么气候变化现在的速度比我们快,我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战,因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛。

【注释】

[1]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/85189194.

[2]常玉田.商务汉英翻译(本科)[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2015:p130-132。

[3]《英语世界》,http://www.yingyushijie.com/business/detail/id/5606/category/45.html。

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