To disentangle the residential relocation decision making processes of young generation in Japan from a life course perspective in the second section of Chapter 6, longitudinal data are required. Instead of time-consuming panel survey,a retrospective approach is employed in this study that asks respondents to recall past mobility information. An Internet-based life story survey covering major cities in Japan was carried out in November 2010. This Internet-based survey was implemented with the help of a major Web survey company in Japan (having more than 1.4 million registered panels at the time of survey). As a result, 1,400 questionnaires were collected by contacting 6,940 registered panels, in which age,gender, and residential distribution across the whole population in Japan are guaranteed. The response rate was 20.2%. The survey contents surround four life events over the life course: residential mobility, household structure mobility,employment/education mobility, and car ownership mobility. In the survey, before answering detailed information related to each type of mobility, respondents are first asked to report on the mobility (change) times and the exact timing of relevant events (their age when the event occurred), and a simplified matrix showing these timings is presented in a separate window for ease of reporting detailed information later on. Subsequently, detailed information about each episode in each mobility is reported as follows:
Table 3-2 Summary of Data Characteristics in 2014 between the elderly from Depopulated areas and Non-depopulated areas
Continued
Figure 3-4 The Change Rate of Main Life Events based on Panel Data between 2010 and 2014
(1) Residential mobility: relocation place, income, residence property,accessibility (here, refers to distance) to varied facilities (including railway; bus;primary, junior and high school; hospital; park; supermarket; city hall) in each episode.
(2) Household structure mobility: household size, information for each household member in each episode (including age, gender, relation with householder).(www.xing528.com)
(3) Employment/education mobility: job category, commute time to job/school, accessibility to job/school, travel mode in each episode.
(4) Car ownership mobility: car number, main user, car efficiency, purpose,and use frequency in each episode.
In addition to the above information, QoL related variables (happiness and life satisfaction) are also investigated, and respondents were asked to report on how confident (10-point scale) they felt about the answer to some major question items with continuous values (e.g., accessibility to facilities). Such confidence information can be used to reflect the reliability related to the reported information as well as the quality of the retrospective survey. The data show that the average confidence level is around 7-9 across different cohorts (a 10-point scale is set in which 0 means not confident at all and 10 means fully confident),suggesting an acceptable quality of the survey data. Figure 3-5 displays the mobility timing of residential location, car ownership, household structure, and employment/education over the life course. Five years are grouped together.Obviously, there is a peak period of residential mobility lying between 20 and 35 years of age, and the similar curve can be seen from other three mobilities.
Figure 3-5 Timing of Mobilities in Residential, Household Structure,Employment/Education, and Car Ownership
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