虽然一方发盘被对方有效接受合同关系即告成立，但交易双方在此基础上签订表示双方意思完全一致的书面合同或成交确认书只是合同生效的最基本的条件，其他应具备的法律条件还有：
（一）当事人双方应具有法律行为的资格和能力
各国法律一般都规定，订立合同的当事人应当有订约能力。我国《合同法》规定：“当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。”当事人若是自然人，必须是公民。未成年人对达成合同可以不负法律责任；精神病患者和醉汉，在发病期间和神志不清时达成的合同，也可免去合同的法律责任。当事人若是法人，则行为人应是企业的全权代表。
（二）应是当事人双方在自愿基础上的意思一致
签订国际货物买卖合同是买卖双方的法律行为，不是单方面的行为，所以，只有双方当事人的意思表示一致，合同才能成立。如果当事人一方用诈骗、威胁或暴力等行为使另一方被迫达成合同，或当事人的认识与客观存在的事实不一致，订约的意思表示有错误，则合同在法律上是无效的。
（三）合同订立的形式与内容必须合法
首先，合同订立的形式必须合法。各国法律关于合同订立的形式存在差异，《公约》第11条规定：“销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。销售合同可以用包括人证在内的任何方法证明。”但我国政府对此规定提出了保留，即我国不同意国际货物买卖合同采用书面以外的形式订立、更改或终止。因此，我国对外订立买卖合同应当采用书面形式。
第二，合同的标的和内容必须合法。合同内容不得违反有关国家法律、法规禁止性规定。货物应是政府允许出口或进口的商品，货款和外汇的收付必须符合国家的有关规定。
（四）必须互为有偿
国际货物买卖合同是双务合同，是互为有偿的，买卖双方都拥有权利，又都承担义务，即权利义务的确定应当遵循公平原则，不允许或限制合同条款只对一方有利或“显失公平”。
请读者参阅以下几份不同名称的合约：
式样4-1：合 同 CONTRACT
TIME OF SHIPMENT： Within 45 days of receipt of letter of credit and not later than the month of Dec.2014 with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.
PORT OF LOADING & DESTINATION: FROM TIANJING TO HONG KONG
TERMS OF PAYMENT： By 100% Confirmed Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit opened by the buyer to reach the Seller not later than Oct.31th.2014 and to be available for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment. In case of late arrival of the L/C, the Seller shall not be liable for any delay in shipment and shall have the right to rescind the contract and or claim for damages.
INSURANCE: To be effected by the seller for 110% of the CIF invoice value covering ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK as per China Insurance Clauses.
TERMS OF SHIPMENT: To be governed by “INCOTERMS 2000”. For transactions concluded on CIF terms, all surcharges including port congestion surcharges, etc. levied by the shipping company,in addition to freight, shall be for the Buyer’s account.
The Buyer: The Seller
SUPERB AIM（HONG KONG）LTD., LIDA TEXTILES IMP.& EXP. CORP.
式样4-2：合 同 CONTRACT
（6） 装运口岸：
Port of Loading：
（7） 目的口岸：
Port of Destination ：
（8） 付款条件：买方在收到卖方关于预计装船日期及准备装船的数量的通知后，应于装运前20天，通过上海中国银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的信用证。该信用证凭即期汇票及本合同第（9）条规定的单据在开证行付款。
Terms of Payment：Upon receipt from the Sellers of the advice as to the time and quantify expected ready for shipment, the Buyers shall open, 20days before shipment, with the Bank of China ,Shanghai, an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Sellers payable by the opening bank against sight draft accompanied by the documents as stipulated in Clause （9） of this Contract.
（9）单据：各项单据均须使用与本合同相一致的文字，以便买方审核查对：
Documents：To facilitate the Buyers to cheek up, all documents should be made in a version identical to that used in this contract.
填写通知目的口岸对外贸易运输公司的空白抬头、空白背书的全套已装船的清洁提单。（如本合同为FOB价格条件时，提单应注明“运费到付”或“运费按租船合同办理”字样；如本合同为CFR价格条件时，提单应注明“运费已付”字样。）
Complete set of Clean On Board Shipped Bill of Lading made out to order, blank endorsed, notifying the China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation ZHONGWAIYUN at the port of destination. （if the prise in this Contract is Based on FOB,marked “freight to collect” or “freight as per charter party”; if the price in this Contract is Based on CFR, marked “freight prepaid”.）
B．发票：注明合同号、唛头、载货船名及信用证号，如果分批装运，须注明分批号。
Invoice：indicating contract number, shipping marks, name of carrying vessel, number of the Letter of Credit and shipment number in case of partial shipments.
C．装箱单及或重量单：注明合同号及唛头，并逐件列明毛重、净重。
Packing List and/or Weight Memo：indicating contract number, shipping marks, gross and net weights of each package.
D．制造工厂的品质及数量、重量证明书。
Certificates of Quality and Quantity/Weight of the contracted goods issued by the manufactures.
品质证明书内应列入根据合同规定的标准进行化学成分、机械性能及其他各种试验结果。
Quality Certificate to show actual results of tests to be made, on chemical compositions,mechanical properties and all other tests called for by the Standard stipulated heron.
E．按本合同第（11）条规定的装运通知电报抄本。
Copy of telegram advising shipment according to Clause （11） of this Contract.
F．按本合同第（10）条规定的航行证明书。（如本合同为CFR价格条件时，需要此项证明书，如本合同为FOB价格条件时，则不需此项证明书。）
Vessel’s itinerary certificate as per Clause （10） of this Contract, （required if the price in this Contract is based on CFR：not required if the price in this Contract is based on FOB.）
（10）装运条件
Terms of Shipment ：
A．离岸价条款 Terms of FOB Delivery：
a） 装运本合同货物的船只，由买方或买方运输代理人中国租船公司租订舱位。卖方负担货物的一切费用风险到货物装到船面为止。
For the goods ordered in this Contract, the carrying vessel shall be arranged by the Buyers or the Buyers’ Shipping Agent China National Chartering Corporation. The Sellers shall bear all the charges and risks until the goods are effectively loaded on board the carrying vessel.
b）卖方必须在合同规定的交货期限三十天前，将合同号码、货物名称、数量、装运口岸及预计货物运达装运口岸日期，以电报通知买方以便买方安排舱位。并同时通知买方在装港的船代理。倘在规定期内买方未接到前述通知，即作为卖方同意在合同规定期内任何日期交货，并由买方主动租订舱位。
The Sellers shall advise the Buyers by cable, and simultaneously advise the Buyers’shipping agent at the loading port, 30 days before the contracted time of shipment, of the contract number, name of commodity, quantity, loading port and expected date of arrival of the goods at the loading port, enabling the Buyers to arrange for shipping space. Absence of such advice within the time specified above shall be considered as Sellers’ readiness to deliver the goods during the time of shipment contracted and the Buyers shall arrange for shipping space accordingly.
c）买方应在船只受载期12天前将船名、预计受载日期、装载数量、合同号码、船舶代理人，以电报通知卖方。卖方应联系船舶代理人配合船期备货装船。如买方因故需要变更船只或更改船期时，买方或船舶代理人应及时通知卖方。
The Buyers shall advise the Sellers by cable, 12 days before the expected loading date,of the estimated laydays, contract number, name of vessel, quantity, to be loaded and shipping agent. The Sellers shall then arrange with the shipping agent for loading accordingly. In case of necessity for substitution of vessel or alteration of shipping schedule, the Buyers or the shipping agent shall duly advise the Sellers to the same effect.(www.xing528.com)
d）买方所租船只按期到达装运口岸后，如卖方不能按时备货装船，买方因而遭受的一切损失包括空舱费、延期费及/或罚款等由卖方负担。如船只不能于船舶代理人所确定的受载期内到达，在港口免费堆存期满后第16天起发生的仓库租费，保险费由买方负担，但卖方仍负有载货船只到达装运口岸后立即将货物装船之义务并负担费用及风险。前述各种损失均凭原始单据核实支付。
In the event of the Sellers’ failure in effecting shipment upon arrival of the vessel at the loading port, all losses, including dead freight, demurrage fines etc. thus incurred shall be for Sellers’ account. If the vessel fails to arrive at the loading port within the laydays. previously declared by the shipping agent, the storage charges and insurance premium from the 16th day after expiration of the free storage time at the port shall be borne by the Buyers. However,the Sellers shall be still under the obligation to load the goods on board the carrying vessel immediately after her arrival at the loading port, at their own expenses and risks. The expenses and losses mentioned above shall be reimbursed against original receipts or invoices.
B．成本加运费价条款 Terms of CFR Delivery：
卖方负责将本合同所列货物由装运口岸装直达班轮到目的口岸，中途不得转船。货物不得用悬挂买方不能接受的国家的旗帜的船只装运。
The Sellers undertake to ship the contracted goods from the port of loading to the port of destination on a direct liner, with no transhipment allowed. The contracted goods shall not be carried by a vessel flying the flag of the countries which the Buyers can not accept.
（11）装运通知：卖方在货物装船后，立即将合同号、品名、件数、毛重、净重、发票金额、载货船名及装船日期以电报通知买方。
Advice of Shipment：The Sellers shall upon competition of loading, advise immediately the Buyers by cable of the contract number, name of commodity, number of packages, gross and net weights, invoice value, name of vessel and loading date.
（12）保险：自装船起由买方自理，但卖方应按本合同第（11）条通知买方。如卖方未能按此办理，买方因而遭受的一切损失全由卖方负担。
Insurance：To be covered by the Buyers from shipment, for this purpose the Sellers shall advise the Buyers by cable of the particulars as called for in Clause（11） of this Contract, In the event of the Buyers being unable to arrange for insurance in consequence of the Sellers’failure to send the above advice, the Sellers shall be held responsible for all the losses thus sustained by the Buyers.
（13）检验和索赔：货卸目的口岸，买方有权申请中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局进行检验。如发现货物的品质及/或数量/重量与合同或发票不符：除属于保险公司及/或船公司的责任外，买方有权在货卸目的口岸后90天内，根据中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局出具的证明书向卖方提出索赔，因索赔所发生的一切费用（包括检验费用）均有卖方负担。FOB价格条件时，如重量短缺，买方有权同时索赔短重部分的运费。
Inspection and Claim：The Buyers shall have the right to apply to the general Administration of Quanlity Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine（AQSIQ）of the People’s Republic of China for inspection after discharge of the goods at the port of destination. Should the quality and/or quantity/weight be found not in conformity with the contract or invoice the Buyers shall be entitled to lodge claims with the Sellers on the basis of AQSIQ’s Survey Report, within 90 days after discharge of the goods at the port of destination,with the exception, however, of those claims for which the shipping company and/or the insurance company are to be held responsible. All expenses incurred on the claim including the inspection fee as per the AQSIQ inspection certificate are to be borne by the Sellers. In case of FOB terms, the buyers shall also be entitled to claim freight for short weight if any.
（14）不可抗力：由于人力不可抗拒事故，使卖方不能在合同规定期限内交货或者不能交货，卖方不负责任。但卖方必须立即通知买方，并以挂号函向买方提出有关政府机关或者商会所出具的证明，以证明事故的存在。由于人力不可抗拒事故致使交货期限延期一个月以上时，买方有权撤销合同。卖方不能取得出口许可证不得作为不可抗力。
Force Majeure：In case of Force Majeure the Sellers shall not held responsible for delay in delivery or non-delivery of the goods but shall notify immediately the Buyers and deliver to the Buyers by registered mail a certificate issued by government authorities or Chamber of Commerce as evidence thereof. If the shipment is delayed over one month as the consequence of the said Force Majeure, the Buyers shall have the right to cancel this Contract. Sellers’inability in obtaining export licence shall not be considered as Force Majeure.
（15）延期交货及罚款：除本合同第（14）条人力不可抗拒原因外，如卖方不能如期交货，买方有权撤销该部分的合同，或经买方同意在卖方缴纳罚款的条件下延期交货。买方可同意给予卖方15天优惠期。罚款率为每10天按货款总额的1%。不足10天者按10计算。罚款自第16天起计算。最多不超过延期货款总额的5%。
Delayed Delivery and Penalty：Should the Sellers fail to effect delivery on time as stipulated in this Contract owing to causes other than Force Majeure as provided for in Clause（14）of this Contract, the Buyers shall have the right to cancel the relative quantity of the contract, or alternatively, the Sellers may, with the Buyers’ consent, postpone delivery on payment of penalty to the Buyers. The Buyers may agree to grant the Sellers a grace period of 15 days. Penalty shall be calculated from the 16th day and shall not exceed 5% of the total value of the goods involved.
（16）仲裁：一切因执行本合同或与本合同有关的争执，应由双方通过友好方式协商解决。如经协商不能得到解决时，应提交北京中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会。按照中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。仲裁委员会的裁决为终局裁决，对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用除非仲裁委员会另有决定外，由败诉一方负担。
Arbitration：All disputes in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be friendly negotiation. If no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration to the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The Award made by the Commission shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties. The fees for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Commission.
（17）附加条款：以上任何条款如与以下附加条款有抵触时，以以下附加条款为准。
Additional Clause ：If any of the above-mentioned Clauses is inconsistent with the following Additional Clause（s）, the latter to be taken as authentic.
买 方 卖 方
The Buyers： The Sellers：
式样4-3：进 口 合 同
（6）装运口岸：
（7）目的口岸：
（8）付款条件：买方在收到卖方关于预计装船日期及准备装船的数量的通知后，应于装运前20天通过中国银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的信用证。该信用证凭即期汇款票及本合同第（9）条规定的单据在开证行付款。
（9）单据：各项单据均须使用与本合同相一致的文字，以便买方审核查对：
A．填写通知目的口岸对外贸易运输公司的空白抬头、空白背书的全套已装船的清洁提单（如本合同为FOB价格条件时，提单应注明“运费到付”或“运费按租船合同办理”字样；如本合同为CFR价格条件时，提单应注明“运费已付”字样。）
B．发票：注明合同号、唛头、载货船名及信用证号；如果分批装运，须注明分批号。
C．装箱单及/或重量单：注明合同号及唛头、并逐件列明毛重、净重。
D．制造工厂的品质及数量/重量证明书。
品质证明书内应列入根据合同规定的标准进行化学成分、机械性能及其他各种试验的实际试验结果。
E．按本合同第（11）条规定的装运通知电报抄本。
F．按本合同第（10）条规定的航行证明书（如本合同为CFR价格条件时，需要此项证明书；如本合同为FOB价格条件时，则不需此项证明书。）
（10）装运条件：
A．离岸价条款：
a）装运本合同货物的船只，由买方或买方运输代理人中国租船公司租订舱位。卖方负担货物的一切费用风险到货物装到船面为止。
b）卖方必须在合同规定的交货期限三十天前，将合同号码、货物名称、数量、装运口岸及预计货物运达装运口岸日期，以电报通知买方以便买方安排舱位。并同时通知买方在装港的船代理。倘在规定期限内买方未接到前述通知，即作为卖方同意在合同规定期内任何日期交货，并由买方主动租订舱位。
c）买方应在船只受载期12天前将船名、预计受载日期、装载数量、合同号码、船舶代理人，以电报通知卖方。卖方应联系船舶代理人配合，船期备货装船。如买方因故需要变更船只或更改船期时，买方或船舶代理人应及时通知卖方。
d）买方所租船只按期到达装运口岸后，如卖方不能按时备货装船，买方因而遭受的一切损失包括空舱费、延期费及/或罚款等由卖方负担。如船只不能于船舶代理人所确定的受载期内到达，在港口免费堆存期满后第16天起发生的仓库租费、保险费由买方负担，但卖方仍负有载货船只到达装运口岸后立即将货物装船之义务并负担费用及风险。前述各种损失均凭原始单据核实支付。
B．成本加运费价条款：
卖方负责将本合同所列货物由装运口岸装运到班轮到目的口岸，中途不得转船。货物不得用悬挂卖方不能接受的国家的旗帜的船只装运。
（11）装运通知：卖方在货物装船后，立即将合同号、品名、件数、毛重、净重、发票金额、载货船名及装船日期以电报通知买方。
（12）保险：自装船起由买方自理，但卖方应按本合同第（11）条规定通知买方。如卖方未能按此办理，买方因而遭受的一切损失全由卖方负担。
（13）检验和索赔：货卸目的口岸，买方有权申请中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫总局进行检验。如发现货物的品质及/或数量/重量与合同或发票不符，除属于保险公司及/或船公司的责任外，买方有权在货卸目的口岸后90天内，根据中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫总局出具的证明书向卖方提出索赔，因索赔所发生的一切费用（包括检验费用）均由卖方负担。FOB价格条件时，如重量短缺，买方有权同时索赔短重部分的运费。
（14）不可抗力：由于人力不可抗拒事故，使卖方不能在合同规定期限内交货或者不能交货，卖方不负责任。但卖方必须立即以电报通知买方，并以挂号函向买方提出有关政府机关或者商会所出具的证明，以证明事故的存在。由于人力不可抗拒事故致使交货延期一个月以上时，买方有权撤销合同。卖方不能取得出口许可证，不得作为不可抗力。
（15）延期交货及罚款：除本合同第（14）条人力不可抗拒原因外，如卖方不能如期交货，买方有权撤销该部分的合同，或经买方同意在卖方缴纳罚款的条件下延期交货。买方可同意给予卖方15天的优惠期。罚款率为每10天按货款总额的1%。不足10天者按10天计算。罚款自第16天起计算，最多不超过延期货款总额的5%。
（16）仲裁：一切因执行本合同或与本合同有关的争执，应由双方通过友好方式协商解决。如经协商不能得到解决时，应提交北京中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。仲裁委员会的裁决为终局裁决，对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用除非仲裁委员会另有决定外，由败诉一方负担。
（17）附加条款：以上任何条款如与以下附加条款有抵触时，以以下附加条款为准。
买方： ________________________（盖章） 卖方： ______________ （盖章）
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